مجله پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز
سال چهل و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 152، خرداد و تیر 1400)

Since Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness, the identification of contributed risk factors is crucial. In recent years, great attention has been paid to maternal factors. The reason is that maternal factors can directly affect fetus via intrauterine hypoxia. However, the results of this studies are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal factors on the development of ROP.

In a prospective study, 150 premature infants with the gestational age of less than 32 weeks and birth weight of less than 1500 grams were examined. They divided into two groups based on ophthalmologic examination; those with ROP and those without ROP. Variables of study including maternal age, injection of corticosteroid in the last week of pregnancy, history of maternal diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, hypertension, anemia, thyroid, renal, cardiovascular and rheumatologic diseases were compared between groups.

Forty-seven infants (31.33 %) had ROP. The mean age of gestational age was 27.89 weeks in ROP group and 29.06 weeks in non-ROP group. The mean birth weight was 1180.53 grams in ROP group and 1079.44 grams in non-ROP group. There were no statistically important differences regarding to maternal factors between two groups.

The above mentioned maternal factors have no effect on the development of ROP.

Since the Laryngeal polyp counts as one of the most prevalent laryngeal disorders which could burden the individual and society and lack of evidence with regard to its risk factors especially in Iran present study was carried out to determine Frequency and clinical presentations of laryngeal polyps.

In this cross-sectional analytic study, 150 patients diagnosed with laryngeal polyps who sought care at Emam Reza hospital of Tabriz from 1390 to 1396 were included. Collected data consisted of Age, Gender, Occupation, Living area, chief complaint, History of other diseases, history of vocal abuse, history of polyp in first degree relatives and habit history of patients.

Majority of participants (84.7%) were male. Thirty percent of Laryngeal polyp were in fifth decade of life. Only 30 percent of individuals declared a history of vocal abuse at some point. Hoarseness was the main complaint and one-third of patients mentioned a history of GERD. One -third of them consumed cigarettes.

Male Gender could increase the risk of developing laryngeal polyp. Age of 40-60 years and living in an urban setting could as well considered as a risk factor.

After breast cancer, cervix neoplasm is the most common disease among young women. Nowadays, natural substances are used in the treatment of diseases, because of the known side effects of the chemical drugs. Dunaliella is a green alga that lives in the saltwater lakes of Iran and is abundant in antioxidant substances. This paper aimed to study the effect of Dunaliella extract on the expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 gene in Hela cell line. Expression of this gene is increased during cancer. It is expected that gene expression will be reduced if the alga extract is effective.

Hela was prepared from the Center for Genetic and Biological Reserves of Iran and cultured. After culture, cells were divided into two treatment and control groups. Different concentrations of algae extract were applied to the treatment group for 48 hours. Then its toxicity was measured using MTT assay and IC50 was determined. RNA was extracted from cells of two groups, to determine the relative amount of gene expression at a concentration of IC50. Then Real-time PCR was used.

The result of Real-time PCR showed that the relative expression of BCL-2, in treatment group cells that were affected by algae extract, was four times lower than the control group. Since the P-value is less than 0.05 (Pvalue = 0), this decrease is significant.

After 48 hours, at a concentration of IC50 of algae extract, the relative expression of BCL-2 was four times lower than control group.

The motion of the deaf is often inhospitable and without rhythm, and the imbalance in functionality is the root cause of such a phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Vestibular Stimulation Training on functional balance in children hearing impaired.

This study was a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included the children of preschool and pre-school children of Ghotbzadeh in Rasht city. Among the statistical population, 24 were available and randomly divided into two groups: control (12) and experimental (12 people). Experimental group performed weekly three sessions of Vestibular stimulation exercises for six weeks. Before and after the training period, the static and dynamic equilibrium was measured by the Bronkins-Oseretsky sub-test and the functional equilibrium was measured by the Timed Up and Go.

There was a significant difference on the static equilibrium (p = 0.001), dynamic (p = 0.02) and functional (p = 0.001) in the experimental group after the intervention period.

The assessment of the balance of hearing impaired children showed improvement in their motor abilities after six weeks of Vestibular stimulation exercises Considering the results of this study and the importance of balance for hearing impaired, it is suggested that coaches, parents and authorities of special centers and schools use these exercises because of their simplicity, cheapness and side effects to improve the balance in the program for the rehabilitation of hearing impaired children.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of one-week supplementation of citrullinemalate, L-arginine and their combination on aerobic and anaerobic powers, CK, LDH and CRP levels in male wrestlers.

In this experimental study, 40 male wrestlers (aged 19-25 years; weight 60-90 kg; body fat percent 12- 20%) in a randomized and double-blind design were divided in four equal citrulline-malate (Cit; 4g/days), L-arginine (Arg; 4g/days), their combination (2g/days Arg + 2g/days Cit) and placebo (dextrose; P) group. Before and after supplementation one week period, all subjects were participated in a competition like wrestling. Each test consisted of two 3 min periods of arm-cranking at maximal executable cadence against resistance of 0.1 kg ∙ kg−1 body mass interspersed with 30-s recovery periods between consecutive tests. Blood samples were obtained in the 4 phases: one hour before and 5 min after two competitions like wrestling protocols. Creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed. Change any of the parameters (mean and standard deviation) of four stages repeated ANOVA and post hoc tests. The significance level was set at p<0.05.

Based on the present results, the Cit and Arg + Cit supplementation attenuated the exercise-induced increase in response of CK (p<0.05). However, the Arg supplementation had not any significant effect on the exercise-induced increase response of serum CK. Also, the Arg, Cit and Arg + Cit supplementation had not any significant effect on the exercise-induced increase response of total serum LDH and CRP.

Based on the present results, it can be concluded that the one week citrulline-malate with L-arginine supplementation is more effective than the citrulline-malate or L-arginine supplementation to overcome the exerciseinduced adverse responses in some muscle injury parameters. Therefore, combination of citrulline-malate and Larginine supplementation is recommended to reduce exercise-induced adverse consequences.

The most common causes of mortality in diabetic patients are cardiovascular disorders, one of the reasons being inflammatory factors. Given that physical activity can reduce inflammation, the present study was to investigate the effects of two types of Progressive Resistance Training (RT) and High Intensity Interval (HIIT) on the expression of TRAF6 gene and serum levels of TNF-α in male diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 72 male rats were divided into 6 groups of 12 diabetic rats (n=12), control (n=12), diabetic High Intensity Interval Training (n=12), High Intensity Interval Training(n=12), diabetic Progressive Resistance Training(n=12) and Progressive Resistance Training(n=12). Progressive Resistance Training was performed in a 6-weekly 3-session, climbing the vertical ladder, with 50%, 75%, 90% and 100% the body weight of the animals. After successful completion, 30 gr were added to the weights, to the extent that the rats cannot carry the ladder. High Intensity Interval Training were also performed at 6-weekly 3-session, with an intensity of 50 to 110% of the VO2max. 24 hours after the completion of the training, the functional test was taken and the animals were autopsy 48 hours after the test. Finally, the expression of TRAF6 gene was evaluated using Real Time PCR and serum TNF-α level by ELISA method.

TRAF6 levels increased significantly after the two Training in the diabetic group, which was higher in the HIIT group and serum TNF-α levels decreased significantly after both types of training, which was more prominent in the HIIT group.

HIIT and RT can play an important role in reducing the inflammatory factor of TNF-α in diabetic patient that HIIT is more effective in this regard. Increasing the gene expression of the mediating agent TRAF6 can be induced in inflammatory pathways, which may require a reduction in exercise intensity or in anti-inflammatory routes indicating a positive effect of training on diabetes.

Genu valgum is a postural malalignment in the knee joint. This malalignment is accompanied by altered mechanical forces in the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using a graded knee brace in two angles of 60 and 30 degrees on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces in individuals with genu valgum during landing.

The present study was semi-experimental. Twenty non-athlete male students with genu valgus (age range: 20-30 years) were volunteered to participate in the study. The landing task was done during three conditions including without a knee brace, with a brace at two 30 and 60 degrees of flexion from a height of equal to 30 cm. Bertec force plate was used to record ground reaction forces. Fourier transform was used to calculate ground reaction force-frequency content during both landing conditions with and without a knee brace.

The results of this study showed a significant reduction in the frequency content with a power of 99.5% in the mediolateral direction (P=0.02; high effect size) and vertical direction (P=0.075; high effect effect) during landing with a knee brace at 60 degrees of flexion angle compared with without knee brace condition. Also, the median frequency component in the mediolateral direction (P=0.019; low effect size) and in the anterior-posterior direction (P=0.019; high effect effect) showed a significant decrease during wearing a knee brace compared with without it.

Regarding the decreasing of median frequency after using the knee brace, it might be effective in the reduction of injury rate in individuals with genu valgum. However, further study warranted to better establish this issue.

Oxidative stress and inflammation increase after eccentric exercise. Cold-water immersion after exercise is common among athletes to accelerate recovery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cold-water immersion after eccentric exercise on the oxidative and inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle.

One hundred male Wistar rats (weight 285.11 ± 41.65) were randomly divided into control, eccentric exercise, eccentric exercise + normal water, and eccentric exercise + cold water groups. Half, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after eccentric exercise, EDL muscle was removed in sterile conditions. The eccentric exercise involves 90 minutes of interval running on the treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min and a -16-degree slope. Muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured by DCFDA and immunohistochemical staining. Kolmogorov-Smirnov for normality test and repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey’s post-Hoc tests for compare groups were used with a significance level of P≤0.05.

After eccentric exercise, ROS and TNF-α levels significantly (P<0.05) increased in the three experimental groups. The peak of ROS increase in the eccentric exercise, eccentric exercise + normal water, and eccentric exercise + cold water groups were recorded significantly (P<0.001) half, 48, and 72 hours after eccentric exercise, respectively. Also, the peak of TNF-α increase was significantly higher in the eccentric exercise and eccentric exercise + normal water groups were at 48 hours and in the eccentric exercise + cold water groups was at 72 hours after eccentric exercise (P<0.001).

Immersion in cold water causes an increase and delays the peak of ROS and TNF-α after eccentric exercise, which is probably related to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, after unaccustomed, eccentric, and damaging exercise, immersion in cold water is not recommended.